2
Inclusive,Just and Resilient Energy Transition: GEI Solution and Practices  
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY  
The year 2023 is a milestone for delivering on the Paris Agreement. The UN Climate  
Ambition Summit has called on the world to accelerate clean development, expand the just  
transition and enhance climate resilience. Clean energy development has gained speed  
as all countries are progressing in facilitating green and low-carbon energy transition.  
However, geopolitical conflicts, industrial decoupling and chain breaking, and extreme  
weather have exacerbated energy security challenges and constrained countries’ energy  
transition practices. The new challenges require the global energy system to enable an  
inclusive, just and resilient transition to achieve the temperature control goals of the Paris  
Agreement and sustainable development goals.  
Based on the development concept and planning of Global Energy Interconnection (GEI),  
Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization (GEIDCO)  
wrote the report Inclusive, Just and Resilient Energy Transition: GEI Solution and Practices.  
The report systematically proposes the GEI solution to promote inclusive, just and resilient  
energy transition. That is, relying on the GEI platform and carrier, and prioritizing synergy  
between clean energy and fossil energy, energy and industry, and energy and meteorology,  
the solution aims to materialize global carbon neutrality by promoting an inclusive, just and  
resilient transition of the global energy system.  
Resilient  
transition  
Clean energy-  
dominant  
Electric-  
centric  
Smart and  
efficient  
Global Energy  
Interconnection  
Inclusive  
transition  
Power gird  
interconnection  
Just  
transition  
Multi-energy  
synergy  
Figure 1　The Concept of GEI Promoting Energy Transition  
3
Executive summary  
Main findings:  
The global achievement in green and low-carbon energy transition is remarkable, yet  
sustained efforts are still required to reach the carbon neutrality objectives.  
1
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Green and low-carbon development has become a consensus. With countries  
consistently enhancing their National Determined Contributions (NDCs) mitigation  
targets, more than 150 countries have proposed carbon neutral targets. Clean energy  
industries contribute nearly 60% of global energy investment, reaching USD 1.4 trillion in  
2022, and green investment has become a new engine for economic growth.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Clean energy is experiencing rapid development. Global progress in clean energy  
has far exceeded expectations, with the continuous escalation of installed capacity  
for renewable energy. By 2022, the cumulative global installed capacity for renewable  
energy power generation reached 3380 GW, producing 8.3 PWh of renewable energy  
electricity. China has demonstrated rapid momentum in the development of clean  
energy, witnessing a threefold increase in renewable energy power generation over the  
past decade. China’s installed capacity for renewable energy power generation now  
constitutes over one-third of the global share in renewable energy power generation  
capacity.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Mitigation efforts still needs to be strengthened. In 2022, global energy-related  
emissions reached an unprecedented 36.6 GtCO2. As the global temperature continues  
to rise, the average temperature is already about 1.2℃ higher than the pre-industrial  
level, leading to an increased frequency of extreme weather and climate events (climate  
extremes for short). The temporal window for global adherence to the temperature  
control goals of the Paris Agreement is very limited. The latest global stocktaking shows  
that there is still a wide gap between the NDCs and the temperature control goals of  
the Paris Agreement. Countries urgently need to expedite energy transition to achieve  
carbon neutrality targets.  
The green and low-carbon energy transition faces new challenges, including significant  
pressures on energy security and supply guarantee, high difficulty in transitioning  
carbon-intensive industries, and aggravated impact of extreme climate events.  
2
●ꢀ ꢀ  
The situation for ensuring energy supply is grim. In this new phase of zero-carbon  
energy transition, the primary focus of energy supply security has gradually shifted from fossil  
fuels to clean energy, mainly renewable energy. The notable characteristic of renewable  
energy is “large installed capacity with low output”, and its dependence on weather  
conditions for power generation poses challenges to the current insufficient capacity  
to support power balance, thus challenging the secure operation of the power system.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
The contradiction in the transformation of the energy sector is prominent. The  
global energy transition is ushering in a substitution of old and new industries. While  
fostering emerging industries and new business models, it is also leading to a sharp  
reduction in job positions and a restructuring of employment patterns in the fossil  
fuel industry and its upstream and downstream sectors. Research indicates that the  
structural adjustment in the fossil energy and related industries will result in reduced  
production capacity, millions of unemployment, and regional development imbalances.  
4
Inclusive,Just and Resilient Energy Transition: GEI Solution and Practices  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Extreme climate events impact power security. Frequent climate extremes exacerbate  
the climate sensitivity of the power system. Given the characteristics of variability,  
stochasticity, and uncontrollability associated with renewable energy sources, future  
high-proportion renewable energy power systems will be more susceptible to the impact  
of various climate extremes. Continuous enhancement of power security and supply  
capabilities is imperative across various stages, including planning and construction,  
regulatory operation, and emergency management.  
The inclusive development  
enhances the climate resilience  
The inclusive development  
promotes just transition  
Resilient  
Inclusive  
Just  
Adequacy  
Multi-energy  
complementarity  
People-centeredness  
Coordinated development  
Equitable access  
Flexibility  
Reliability  
Interconnection  
Efficient interaction  
The enhanced resilience booster  
clean energy development  
The just transition enhances social  
equity and clean development  
Figure 2　The Meaning and Inherent Connection of Inclusive, Just,  
and Resilient Energy Transition  
Relying on the Global Energy Interconnection platform and carrier, the “three major  
synergies” will drive the “three energy transitions”. This involves the synergistic  
transition of clean and fossil energy, energy and industry, and energy and meteorology  
to promote inclusive, just, and resilient energy transition. This strategic alignment can  
effectively build a safe, economic, intelligent, green, and open modern energy system  
to achieve sustainable development goals.  
3
●ꢀ ꢀ  
GEI: GEI is a modern energy system that is clean-led, electricity-centered,  
interconnected, multi-energy collaborative, smart and efficient. The core is a clean  
energy-dominant new power system enabling multi-energy mutual support, source-grid-  
load-storage interaction, and conversion between electricity and other energy sources  
on a robust smart grid.  
5
Executive summary  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Concepts of inclusive, just and resilient energy transition: Inclusive energy transition  
refers to promoting energy transition in a systematic and open manner, integrating  
multiple energy sources, development models and technical solutions, and accelerating  
global clean development. Just energy transition refers to promoting energy transition  
based on the principles of equality and win-win situation, coordinating energy with  
industry, employment and social governance, so that everyone can enjoy sustainable  
energy. Resilient energy transition refers to promoting energy transition with innovation  
and safety concepts, coordinating the energy system, climate environment and other  
natural systems, and enhancing infrastructure resilience to disasters.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Direction for promoting inclusive, just and resilient energy transition: Coordinate  
the synergy between clean and fossil energy, leveraging the supply security and flexible  
regulation of fossil energy to expedite the process of clean transition. Coordinate the  
synergy between energy and industry, utilizing the Global Energy Interconnection  
platform for industrial rejuvenation, regional coordinated development, and the  
improvement of employment and livelihoods. Coordinate the synergy between  
energy and meteorology, accelerating the integration and breakthrough of energy  
and meteorological technologies, and constructing a climate-adaptive energy power  
system.  
Global carbon neutrality  
Goals  
Inclusive transition  
Just transition  
Resilient transition  
Collaboration between clean  
energy and fossil fuels  
Energy and meteorology synergy  
Climate-adaptive power system  
Climate-adaptive energy system  
Energy and industry synergy  
Energy  
system  
Industrial transition and  
upgrading  
Development of clean energy  
Development transition of  
fossil fuels  
Regional coordinated  
development  
transition  
Development of energy-mete-  
orology integration technology  
Construction of flexibility  
resource systems  
Driving decent employment  
Construction of new type  
electrification  
Improving policies and market  
mechanisms  
Enhancing energy accessibility  
Global energy interconnection solution  
Multi-energy complementary energy production  
system of wind, solar, hydro, thermal and storage  
Interconnected energy consumption system of  
electricity, hydrogen, cooling, heating and gas  
Solution  
Concept  
Multi-network integration and interconnected  
energy allocation system  
Industry and economic system based on zero  
carbon energy  
Global energy interconnection  
Integrated  
innovation  
Clean  
production  
Electrified  
consumption  
Platform-based  
allocation  
Digitalization of  
business models  
Figure 3　The Concept of GEI Promoting Inclusive, Just, and Resilient Energy Transition  
6
Inclusive,Just and Resilient Energy Transition: GEI Solution and Practices  
The integrated assessment model is critical for quantifying and assessing the GEI  
carbon neutral solution. In the core are energy system optimization and power system  
planning models built on the framework provided by the integrated assessment  
model. It makes quantitative simulation of the paths for global carbon neutrality and  
the transition of the global energy system from the present time to the mid-century.  
It provides an objective assessment of the technical characteristics, comprehensive  
benefits and implementation feasibility of the GEI carbon neutral scenario.  
4
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Integrated Assessment Model (IAM): The IAM considers socioeconomic development,  
population growth, land use, atmospheric circulation, climate impacts and technological  
innovations and makes quantitative simulation of the paths for global carbon neutrality  
and the transition of the global energy system from the present time to the mid-century.  
With the MESSAGE model as the basis, it draws insights from the Macroeconomic  
Model (MACRO), Global Biosphere Management Model (GLOBIOM), Greenhouse Gas  
and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies Model (GAINS), Beijing Climate Center  
Simple Earth System Model (BCC_SESM), and Climate Framework for Uncertainty,  
Negotiation and Distribution Model (FUND). It quantitatively assesses the mitigation  
paths, technology combinations and comprehensive benefits of the solutions by  
optimizing and solving technically feasible and economically efficient global carbon  
neutral solutions.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Energy system model: The energy model simulates an energy system with sector-  
specific, phase-specific and multi-energy technology combinations, integrating more  
than 30 types of key technologies in seven fields. Considering the accelerated expansion  
of the scale and scope of the future power trade, it constructs a global power trade  
module in the MESSAGE model to portray the transnational and transcontinental power  
transmission and trading patterns. This approach enables the research on the impacts  
of grid interconnection on the energy and power systems and mitigation paths.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Power system model: It is built on the Global Renewable-energy Exploitation Analysis  
(GREAN) and considers economic development, resource endowment and clean energy  
bases. Constraining factors are power balance, system operation and carbon emission.  
The model devises and proposes a planning scheme for power production and supply  
and grid interconnection through a comprehensive assessment of the economics of  
power supply, the sophistication of power transmission technology and the reliability of  
system operation. It aims to realize the optimal design of the global power system.  
The GEI carbon neutral solution will help realize carbon neutrality in three phases:  
reaching peak, rapid mitigation and full neutrality. Clean replacement and electricity  
replacement in the energy sector are the main drivers to reduce emissions. Power  
production promises the greatest mitigation potential.  
5
●ꢀ ꢀ  
GEI provides a carbon-neutrality path. The first stage is to reach peak as early as  
possible. The key is to peak energy emissions as soon as possible and control the  
peak at a reasonable level, and the fundamental approach is to control fossil energy  
consumption to reach the peak as soon as possible. The overall peak will be achieved  
before 2030. The peak will be controlled at 44.5 GtCO2, including 36 GtCO2 emissions  
from energy activities. The second stage is rapid mitigation. The key is the energy  
system transition and the full completion of GEI. By 2025, emissions from energy  
activities will reduce to 9.2 GtCO2, about a 75% decrease from the peak emissions. The  
7
Executive summary  
Transport  
Residential/Commercial Electricity  
Residential/Commercial Heat  
Industrial Electricity  
Industrial Heat  
Coal  
Oil  
Gas  
District Heat  
Electricity  
Coal  
Oil  
Gas  
District Heat  
Electricity  
Primary Gas  
Primary Oil  
Primary Coal  
Coal Resources  
8
Inclusive,Just and Resilient Energy Transition: GEI Solution and Practices  
third stage is full neutrality. The key is to accelerate the replacement of fossil energy  
stock. By 2060, emissions from energy activities will be reduced to 3.8 GtCO2, down  
about 90% compared to the peak emissions. Supported by CCS, BECCS and carbon  
sink technology, overall carbon neutrality will be achieved in this stage.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
The energy sector promises the greatest mitigation potential. By 2060, energy  
production will be reduced by 14.5 GtCO2 compared with the peak year. Energy  
consumption will be reduced by 17.6 GtCO2 compared with the peak year, including 5  
GtCO2 in industries, 9.3 GtCO2 in transport and 3.3 GtCO2 in buildings. Clean replacement  
and electricity replacement in the energy sector will cumulatively contribute to 80% of  
the reduction, making it the main drivers to achieving carbon neutrality. Energy efficiency  
improvement, CCS and negative emission technologies are key supporting methods.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Power production is the main force for mitigation. Power production is the energy  
production sector with the fastest and largest emission reduction. Thermal power keeps  
reducing carbon emissions intensity through flexibility enhancement, clean and efficient  
utilization, low-carbon transition, CCS/BECCS etc. Carbon emissions from power  
production will peak before 2030, drop to 2.1 GtCO2 by 2050 and achieve net zero  
emissions by 2060.  
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Figure 5　Overall Society Achieves Carbon Neutrality Goal in Three Phases  
GEI facilitate the energy system transition. Energy production will shift to a clean  
energy-dominant system supported by wind, solar, hydro and thermal power, and  
energy storage. Energy consumption will shift to an electric-centric system supported  
by electricity, hydrogen, cooling, heating and natural gas. Energy allocation will shift to  
grid interconnection and electricity-hydrogen integration.  
6
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Energy production: By 2050, the total primary energy supply will reach 19.3 Gtce,  
ensuring sufficient energy supply. Coal, oil and gas will reach their peaks and drop, and  
clean energy will become the main source of energy supply by about 2040, surpassing  
fossil energy. The clean ratio will reach 75%, which is 10 to 25 percentage points than  
the other global carbon neutral scenarios. Power production will achieve mutual support  
9
Executive summary  
2020  
2050  
Primary energy consumption  
%
20  
%
70  
Proportion of clean energy  
consumption  
Proportion of clean energy  
consumption  
Total:  
Gtce  
Total:  
Gtce  
19.9  
19.3  
Power/heating sector  
%
84  
%
29  
Proportion of clean energy  
consumption  
Proportion of clean energy  
consumption  
Total:  
Gtce  
Total:  
Gtce  
7.8  
12.3  
660  
GW  
Cross-border power flow  
Final energy consumption  
%
20  
%
63  
Proportion of electricity  
consumption  
Proportion of electricity  
consumption  
Total:  
Gtce  
Total:  
Gtce  
13.7  
15.1  
Gt  
Gt  
CO2 emissions  
31.7  
6.6  
“Clean  
“Electricity  
Power grid  
Energy efficiency  
Replacement”  
accounts for 50%  
Replacement”  
accounts for 30%  
cumulative emission  
interconnection:  
basic guarantee  
and strong support  
improvement and  
CCS:  
beneficial  
Mitigation  
contribution  
cumulative emission  
1 2 3 4  
reduction  
reduction  
complements  
Lowering  
Exploiting  
Reducing  
Avoiding  
Accelerating  
energy system  
investment  
potentials for  
development  
Mitigation value  
mitigation costs  
climate losses  
clean transition  
Figure 6　Characteristics of GEI Carbon Neutrality Solution  
10  
Inclusive,Just and Resilient Energy Transition: GEI Solution and Practices  
of wind, solar, hydro and thermal power, and energy storage. By 2050, the installed  
capacity of clean energy will account for about 90%, and the installations of renewable  
power, such as wind, solar and hydro power, will take up over 3/4.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Energy consumption: End-use energy consumption will rise and then fall, reaching  
15.1 Gtce in 2050. Total fossil energy consumption will peak around 2025, and power  
will become the dominant energy source before 2040. By 2050, global electricity  
consumption (including electricity for hydrogen production) will exceed 82 PWh,  
accounting for 63% of end-use energy, and hydrogen energy will take up nearly 10%.  
higher than other global carbon neutral scenarios. End-use energy consumption will  
form an electric-centric system characterized by the interaction of electricity, hydrogen,  
cooling, heating and natural gas, direct use of renewable energy and synthetic fuels as a  
supplement.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Energy allocation: An electric-centric and widely interconnected allocation platform will  
be constructed based on a wide-area robust backbone grid. Power allocation will shift  
from local balance to transnational, transcontinental and global allocation. By 2050, the  
GEI backbone grid will be built to carry 660 GW of trans-regional and trans-continental  
power flow. With increasing value in energy transition, the green hydrogen industry will  
embrace a model of local preparation and utilization with large-scale optimization. By  
2050, about 50 million tons of hydrogen energy will be delivered through trans-regional  
and trans-continental channels.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Features: The GEI carbon neutral solution is based on mature and reliable technologies  
such as clean replacement, electricity replacement, and grid interconnection. It promotes  
large-scale, low-cost, and high-efficiency development of clean energy through  
interconnection. It has the characteristics of safety with stability, win-win cooperation,  
technical feasibility and strong operability. It has become one of the seven illustrative  
mitigation pathways in the sixth assessment report by the Intergovernmental Panel on  
Climate Change (IPCC).  
The key to the energy inclusive transition is the coordinated development between  
clean energy and fossil energy, through fossil energy transformation, the construction  
of flexible resource systems, and terminal electrification, accelerating clean energy  
development under the premise of ensuring the secure supply of energy and electricity.  
This approach supports the multiple-fold growth of new energy sources and facilitates  
the realization of an inclusive energy transition.  
7
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Accelerate clean energy development. Develop global renewable resources according  
to local conditions through both clean energy base and distributed patterns, and  
from land to the sea. Promote the development of hydropower in large river basins  
in Africa, Asia, Central and South America and other regions. Efficient planning and  
development of 90, 94, and 35 large-scale photovoltaic, wind power, and hydropower  
bases in resource-rich areas around the world. Develop distributed wind power, rooftop  
photovoltaic power generation, etc. in load center areas, and areas without access to  
power grids such as Africa and South Asia. In 2050, the proportion of clean energy  
power generation installed capacity will increase to 90%, with wind and solar installed  
capacity of 27 TW and power generation of 52 PWh.  
11  
Executive summary  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Promote the orderly transition of fossil energy. Fossil power has transformed from  
"electricity type" to "capacity type", and mainly plays the role of safe supply, flexible  
adjustment and emergency backup guarantee. The utilization hours of fossil power  
and the electricity generation will drop significantly. The decoupling of fossil power from  
carbon emission will be realized by blending biomass, green ammonia, equipped with  
technologies such as CCS and BECCS, to achieve low-carbon to zero-carbon and  
negative emissions. Conventional power sources can drive three times the scale of wind  
and solar energy and promote multiplied-fold increase rate of clean energy development.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Build flexible resource system. Build a multiple flexible resource system covering  
the chains of the power source, grid, load and storage sides to meet the needs of  
short-term power regulation and long-term energy regulation. In the near and medium  
term, conventional power supply and pumped storage regulation will be the main  
focus. By 2050, the installed capacity of new energy storage such as pumped storage  
and electrochemistry will exceed 3.5 TW. Novel flexible resources such as the virtual  
power plants (VPP), electricity-hydrogen co-development could play important role on  
promoting renewable energy utilization and ensuring power security.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Promote further electrification. Promote a more economical and efficient electricity  
replacement in the final sectors, and promote the use of electricity, hydrogen, cold, heat,  
and gas through multi-energy complementary methods such as electricity for heating,  
electricity for cooling, and gas for heating. In the industry sector, electricity replacement,  
hydrogen energy substitution, and electrolytic raw material substitution are adopted.  
In the transportation sector, develop electric vehicles, promote hydrogen energy  
substitution, improve transport efficiency, and promote the formation of a green and  
intelligent transportation industry development pattern. In the building sector, electric  
heating, electric cooking, smart home appliances, and green energy-saving buildings will  
be promoted to improve energy efficiency. In 2050, the electrification rates in industry,  
building, and transportation will reach 57%, 68%, and 40% respectively.  
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Figure 7 Projection of Global Installed Capacity and Structure  
12  
Inclusive,Just and Resilient Energy Transition: GEI Solution and Practices  
The linchpin to just energy transition is the coordination between energy and  
industry, facilitating the transition from old to new industries and ensuring equitable  
employment opportunities. The interconnected role of the power grid serves as a “link”  
to promote coordinated development among regions and nations, reducing energy  
costs, enhancing accessibility, and fostering comprehensive social equity and justice.  
8
●ꢀ ꢀ  
The transition and upgrading of old and new industries are underway. Clean energy  
investments drive a two-fold increase in social capital investment. The transformation  
of energy and power infrastructure will reshape the development patterns of relevant  
manufacturing and service industries, providing new momentum for economic growth.  
Emerging industries are thriving, and the integration of energy and information industries  
is accelerating. The high-quality green transformation of energy-intensive industries  
presents new opportunities for green and sustainable industrialization in developing  
countries. The steel industry is transitioning to green power and green hydrogen as  
its main mode of energy use and production. The non-ferrous metal smelting industry  
is adopting a model of “green power extraction + smelting”, while green hydrogen is  
facilitating the transition of the chemical industry into a synergistic production system  
based on electricity and hydrogen.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Coordinated regional development will be promoted. GEI can accelerate the large-  
scale allocation and utilization of clean energy and boost the economic development of  
underdeveloped regions through energy investment, energy transmission and transfer of  
green zero-carbon industries. Investments in energy system contribute 4.6% to global  
economic growth. Grid interconnection leverages the differences in time zones, seasons  
and resources in clean energy distribution to promote coordinated regional mitigation,  
expedite the carbon neutral process of all countries and promote synergistic governance  
of the global energy, climate and environment.  
5 million  
0.5 million  
employment opportunities  
employment opportunities  
Figure 8　Employment Opportunities Created by Regional Energy  
System Investments in 2050  
13  
Executive summary  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
The overall transition cost will be reduced. Under this GEI carbon neutral solution,  
the cumulative investment in the energy system will reach about USD 97 trillion  
by 2050, accounting for no more than 2% of the global GDP, lower than other  
carbon neutral scenarios. As the energy cost decreases, the power supply cost  
will fall by 20% compared to the current level, and energy burdens in developing  
countries will be substantially reduced. The average marginal cost of emission  
reduction will be about USD 94 per ton of CO2, lower than other carbon neutral  
scenarios.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Social justice will be promoted. Decent employment will be increased. By 2050,  
nearly 50 million jobs will be created globally, with the most in Asia, Africa, and Central  
and South America. Enhance energy accessibility and adopt distributed and grid-  
supplied electricity in regions with concentrated populations without electricity, such  
as Africa, Asia and Central and South America, in accordance with local conditions.  
By 2050, the problem of people without access to electricity will be completely  
eliminated.  
The key to achieving energy resilience transition is the coordinated development  
of energy and meteorology through building a climate-adaptive energy and power  
system, promoting the development of energy and meteorology integration technology,  
and enhancing the resilience of energy and power infrastructures.  
9
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Build a climate-adaptive energy and power system. On the power source side,  
build a multi-power system with new energy as the main body, improve the accuracy  
of new energy power prediction, strengthen the construction of climate-insensitive  
power sources, and deploy backup power sources according to local conditions.  
On the power grid side, build a highly intelligent, proactive response, and active  
recovery power grid system, strengthen early warning and prediction, focus on active  
defense, and improve emergency response capabilities. On the power load side,  
strengthen demand-side management, fully tap the load-side flexible resources, form  
a flexible, diverse, open and interactive demand-side load system. In terms of key  
infrastructures, improve the collaborative disaster response capabilities between the  
power grid and other key infrastructures such as gas, water supply, transportation,  
and communications.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Promote the development of energy-meteorology integration technology. Build a  
collaborative innovation mechanism across energy industry and meteorology service  
sector to promote energy-meteorology integration technology innovation. Focus on  
promoting the research, development and application of 12 key technologies in four  
major areas: climate sensing, power planning and operation, emergency recovery, and  
multi-system collaboration.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Improve policies and market mechanisms. Establish policies and market mechanisms  
for the coordinated development of energy industry and meteorology service sector at  
various level. Establish energy-meteorology standard systems, such as the technical  
standard systems, climate sensing systems, the weather/climate products and  
services for the energy system etc. Mobilize the resources of governments, enterprises,  
communities, and the public to better adapt to climate change.  
14  
Inclusive,Just and Resilient Energy Transition: GEI Solution and Practices  
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Figure 9　Technology System for Energy-Meteorology Integration and Development  
GEI promotes an inclusive, just and resilient energy transition with enormous  
comprehensive benefits. Every dollar invested will bring nine dollars of social well-  
being.  
10  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Achieve the temperature control objectives of the Paris Agreement. The GEI  
carbon neutral solution ensures that the world attains the temperature control goals of  
the Paris Agreement by the end of this century. Following the three principles of equity,  
common but differentiated responsibilities, and respective capabilities outlined in the  
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, developed countries are to  
lead in achieving net-zero emissions in the power sector by 2035 and achieve net-zero  
emissions for the whole society by 2050 or earlier. This is done to gain emission space  
for developing countries and safeguard the global equitable development right.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Sustainable development goals will be materialized. Focusing on grid interconnection,  
clean replacement and electricity replacement, GEI poses positive, synergistic and driving  
effects to varying degrees on each of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),  
contributing all-around efforts to realize the UN 2030 SDGs.  
●ꢀ ꢀ  
Nine-fold comprehensive benefits will be created. GEI achieves an inclusive, just and  
resilient energy transition by accelerating clean development, increasing decent jobs  
and implementing carbon neutral targets. It creates multiple economic, social, climate  
and environmental benefits by comprehensively promoting sustainable development.  
The cumulative investment in the energy system by 2050 will be USD 97 trillion, creating  
integrated benefits of more than USD 870 trillion, equivalent to an energy investment of  
USD 1 gaining USD 9 in integrated value.  
9 times  
dollar of energy investment  
can be worth up to  
1
USD  
trillion  
870  
USD  
97  
dollars in social welfare  
9
trillion  
Investment in energy system  
Social welfare  
Inclusive transition  
Just transition  
Resilient transition  
GEIꢀcarbonꢀneutralityꢀ  
solution  
Benefitsꢀin  
2050  
27.1  
52  
14  
Installed capacity of  
wind and solar power  
Fossil fuels and hydropower  
drive a expansion  
TW  
PWh  
threefold  
Electricity generation  
of wind and solar  
in new energy development  
Acceleratingꢀ  
cleanꢀ  
Accelerate fossil  
fuel phase-out  
Reduce fossil fuel  
subsidy  
development  
Trillion USD  
Inclusive  
Final energy  
consumption  
Achieving highly clean  
and electrified energy  
consumption  
Gtce  
PWh  
15.1  
82  
2030  
2060  
transition  
Ensuringꢀenergyꢀ  
demandꢀforꢀ  
development  
Electricity consumption  
Achieving global  
carbon peak before  
Meeting the temperature  
control goals of the Paris  
Agreement  
Promotingꢀ  
globalꢀcarbonꢀ  
neutrality  
Achieving global carbon  
neutrality before  
Clean energy investment  
Contribution rate  
to global economic  
growth  
drives a  
increase  
Promotingꢀregi-  
onalꢀcooperativeꢀ  
development  
two-fold  
4.6%  
in social investment  
Energy system  
investments  
Trillion USD  
97  
20%  
94  
Reducing energy  
transition costs  
Reduction in elect-  
ricity supply costs  
Reducingꢀ  
socialꢀ  
transitionꢀ  
costs  
Marginal  
abatement cost  
USD/tCO2  
Just  
Increasing decent  
employment  
Creating new jobs  
=10 million  
=100 million  
transition  
Promotingꢀ  
socialꢀequityꢀ  
andꢀjustice  
Enhancing energy  
accessibility  
Number of electrified  
unelectrified population  
Reducing SO2 emissions  
Reducing NOX emissions  
million tonnes/year  
million tonnes/year  
SO2  
64  
100  
14.6  
Synergistic mitigation and  
pollution reduction  
NOx  
Achievingꢀ  
sustainableꢀ  
development  
Reducing fine particulate  
matter emissions  
million tonnes/year  
TW  
Enhancing energy  
Installed capacity of  
the new-type storage  
’
system s resilience,  
Ensuringꢀ  
energyꢀ  
security  
3.5  
22  
flexibility, and reliability  
Resilient  
transition  
Coordinated mitigation  
and adaptation to reduce  
climate risks  
Avoiding climate losses  
Reducingꢀ  
climateꢀ  
risks  
Trillion USD  
Figure 10　GEI Promotes Energy Transition to Create 9 Times Comprehensive Benefits